Employment authorization document
Published on November 6, 2025 · 2 min read
What is an employment authorization document?
An Employment Authorization Document (EAD) is an official card issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) that gives certain non-citizens legal permission to work in the United States. Often called a “work permit,” the EAD proves to employers that the holder is authorized to take a job in the U.S. for a specific period of time.
Key elements of an EAD
- Issued by USCIS: The EAD is a physical card with your photo and details as proof of work authorization.
- Who can apply: Many categories of immigrants are eligible, including asylum seekers, DACA recipients, students on certain visas, spouses of visa holders, and people with pending green card applications.
- Application process: The main form is Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization, and it is submitted to USCIS with supporting documents and fees.
- Validity period: Most EADs are valid for up to five years, depending on the applicant’s immigration status, and can often be renewed if eligibility continues.
- Separate from a visa: An EAD doesn’t give you immigration status or permission to stay in the U.S.; it only allows you to work while your underlying status is valid.
- Employer use: Employers can rely on the EAD as proof of work authorization when completing Form I-9, which verifies a worker’s legal status.
Why an EAD is important
An EAD allows eligible non-citizens to work legally, earn income, and support themselves and their families while waiting for permanent status or living in the U.S. temporarily. Because eligibility categories and renewal timelines can be complex, guidance from an immigration attorney can be helpful for understanding whether you qualify, completing the application correctly, and avoiding interruptions in work authorization.
