What is consular processing?

Jennifer Paulino, New York managing attorney | Marble Law

New York & immigration managing attorney at Marble Law

Published May 17, 2025 · 3 min read

Key Takeaways

Consular processing is how people outside the U.S. apply for immigrant visas at U.S. embassies or consulates.
Steps include filing a petition, completing a medical exam, paying fees, and attending an embassy interview.
Processing times range from 6 to 12 months, depending on case type, country, and demand.
A lawyer can help ensure your application is accurate and fully prepared for the interview.

What is consular processing?

Consular processing is the most common way to get a green card if you're outside the United States. It allows foreign nationals to apply for an immigrant visa through a U.S. embassy or consulate in their home country. Once approved, you can enter the U.S. as a lawful permanent resident.

The process involves submitting the right forms, completing a medical exam, gathering supporting documentation, and attending an interview with a consular officer who decides whether you qualify for a visa.

Steps for consular processing

To apply for an immigrant visa through consular processing, you’ll need to follow a series of steps:

Submit immigrant petition form: The process starts when your sponsor files Form I-130 (for family-based cases) or Form I-140 (for employment-based cases) with USCIS.
Pay required application fees: After USCIS approves the petition, you’ll pay fees to the National Visa Center (NVC) for visa processing and financial support documentation.
Complete medical examination process: You must complete a medical exam with an embassy-approved doctor to check for inadmissible health conditions.
Attend the official embassy interview: This in-person interview is the final and most important step. A consular officer will ask questions, verify your documents, and decide if you're eligible.
Provide supporting documentation package: Bring all necessary documents, including your passport, civil records (like birth or marriage certificates), police certificates, financial affidavits, and proof of relationship or job offer.
Receive final visa decision: If approved, you’ll receive a visa and a sealed packet to present at the U.S. port of entry. If denied, the officer will explain why and what steps you can take next.

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How long does consular processing take?

The timeline can vary widely based on your visa type, home country, and the current backlog at the U.S. embassy or consulate:

Family-based cases: Typically take 8–12 months after the petition is approved.
Employment-based cases: Often take 6–10 months, depending on the category.
High-demand countries: Wait times may be longer due to visa quotas and processing volume.

The earlier you submit your paperwork and prepare for the interview, the better your chances of avoiding delays.

Should you hire an immigration lawyer for consular processing?

Consular processing involves several steps, strict documentation rules, and a high-stakes interview. Any errors or missing information can cause delays—or worse, a denial. That’s why working with an immigration lawyer can make a big difference. Marble Law's legal team can help you organize the right documentation, navigate embassy-specific procedures, prepare for the consular interview, and avoid common mistakes and delays.